斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金(Stephen Hawking) 于1942年1月8日生于牛津 ,那一天刚好是伽利略逝世三百年。可能因为他出生在第二次世界大战的时代,所以小时候对模型特别着迷 。
霍金十三 、四岁时已下定决心要从事物理学和天文学的研究。十七岁那年,他考到了自然科学的奖学金 ,顺利入读牛津大学。学士毕业后他转到剑桥大学攻读博士,研究宇宙学 。不久他发现自己患上了会导致肌肉萎缩的卢伽雷病。由于医生对此病束手无策,起初他打算放弃从事研究的理想 ,但后来病情恶化的速度减慢了,他便重拾心情,排除万难,从挫折中站起来 ,勇敢地面对这次的不幸,继续醉心研究。七十年代,他和彭罗斯证明了著名的奇性定理 ,并在1988年共同获得沃尔夫物理奖 。他还证明了黑洞的面积不会随时间减少。1973年,他发现黑洞辐射的温度和其质量成反比,即黑洞会因为辐射而变小 ,但温度却会升高,最终会发生爆炸而消失。
八十年代,他开始研究量子宇宙论。这时他的行动已经出现问题 ,后来由于得了肺炎而接受穿气管手术,使他从此再不能说话 。他全身瘫痪,要靠电动轮椅代替双脚 ,不但说话和写字要靠计算机和语言合成器帮忙,连阅读也要别人替他把每页纸摊平在桌上,让他驱动着轮椅逐页去看。
这些黑洞理论和“大爆炸”理论的惊天发现,使他成为了自爱因斯坦之后世界最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。可以说 ,全人类都有赖这位喜欢仰望星空的轮椅巨人,获得了一次最好的宇宙学启蒙教育 。
霍金的著作包括《时间简史》及《黑洞与婴儿宇宙以及相关文章》。虽然大家都觉得他非常不幸,但他在科学上的成就却是在他在病发后获得的。他凭着坚毅不屈的意志 ,战胜了疾病,创造了一个奇迹,也证明了残疾并非成功的障碍 。他对生命的热爱和对科学研究的热诚 ,是值得年轻一代学习的。
霍金的故事(翻译)
史蒂芬·威廉·霍金(StephenWilliamHawking)[3],1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津,出生当天正好是伽利略逝世300周年忌日 ,父亲法兰克是毕业于牛津大学的热带病专家,母亲伊莎贝尔1930年于牛津研究哲学、政治和经济。毕业于牛津大学(UniversityofOxford)和剑桥大学(UniversityofCambridge),并获剑桥大学博士学位 。他在21岁时不幸患上了会使肌肉萎缩的卢伽雷氏症(ALS) ,因此被禁锢在轮椅上,只有三根手指可以活动,疾病已经使他的身体严重变形,头只能朝右边倾斜 ,肩膀左低右高,双手紧紧并在当中,握着手掌大小的拟声器键盘 ,两脚则朝内扭曲着,嘴已经几乎歪成S型,只要略带微笑 ,马上就会现出“呲牙咧嘴 ”的样子。这已经成为他的标志性形象。1985年,因患肺炎做了穿气管手术,被彻底剥夺了说话的能力 ,演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成 。当时医生预测他最多活两年,但他至今依然顽强的活着。1973年,他考察黑洞附近的量子效应 ,发现黑洞会像天体一样发出辐射,其辐射的温度和黑洞质量成反比,这样黑洞就会因为辐射而慢慢变小,而温度却越变越高 ,最后以爆炸而告终。黑洞辐射或霍金辐射[4](包括deSitter空间中的霍金辐射)的发现具有极其基本的意义,它将广义相对论、量子场论和热力学统一在一起,其为弯曲时空中的量子场论。
拥有黑洞的眼
1973年以后 ,他的研究转向了量子引力论 。虽然人们还没有得到一个成功的理论,但它的一些特征已被发现。例如,空间-时间在普朗克尺度下不是平坦的 ,而是处于一种粉末的状态。在量子引力中不存在纯态,因果性受到破坏,因此使不可知性从经典统计物理学 、量子统计物理提高到了量子引力的第三个层次 。1988年 ,霍金的科普著作《时间简史:从大爆炸到黑洞》发行,从研究黑洞出发,探索了宇宙的起源和归宿 ,该书被译成40余种文字,出版逾1000余万册,但因书中内容极其艰深,在西方被戏称为“读不来的畅销书”(UnreadBestseller) ,有学者曾指这种书之所以仍可以如此畅销,是因为书本尝试解答过去只有神学才能触及的题材:时间有没有开端,空间有没有边界。2001年10月又一部作品《果壳中的宇宙》(TheUniierseinaNutshell)出版发行。该书是《时间简史》的姐妹篇 ,以相对简化的手法及大量图解,诉说宇宙起源 。2006年,他在香港透露正与女儿合撰写一套类似与《哈利波特》 ,但主题是理论物理学而非魔法的小说。
Stephen Hawking (Stephen Hawking) on January 8, 1942, born in Oxford, that day happens to be the death of Galileo 300 years. Probably because he was born in the era of the Second World War, especially fascinated by the model child. When his teenage model not only like to do aircraft and vessels, and alumni also produced many different types of war games, he studies and reflects the desire of manipulating things. This desire drove him taking doctoral degree, and black holes and cosmology in the study achieved a major success.
Hawking, 13, the four-year-old has been determined to be engaged in the study of physics and astronomy. 17-year-old that year, he test to the natural science scholarships, smooth enrolled in the University of Oxford. Bachelor Cambridge University after graduation to pursue his doctorate study cosmology. Soon he found himself suffering from muscle atrophy will lead to theLu Qielei disease. Since doctors are helpless in this disease, in the beginning of his intention to give up on the ideal, but then slowed down the pace condition deteriorated, he will regain feeling, overcome all difficulties, from the setback stand up and bravely face up to this unfortunate , continue to enthusiastically study.
The 1970s, he and Penrose odd that the famous theorem, and in 1988 shared Wolf Physics Prize. He also proved that the size of the black hole will not decrease with time. In 1973, he found that the black hole radiation temperature and its quality is inversely proportional, that is, the black hole because of radiation and smaller, but the temperature would rise, and there will be an explosion and disappeared.
The 1980s, he began to study quantum cosmology. At this time his actions have problems, due to pneumonia and had to accept wear tracheal surgery, so that he never again unable to speak. Now his body paralyzed, depend on electric wheelchair instead of feet, and not only speak and write depends on the computer and language synthesizer help, others have even read every page of paper for him to share in the table - and let him drive a wheelchair every page watch.
Hawking lifetime contribution in theoretical physics research, known as the current one of the most outstanding scientists. His works include "A Brief History of Time" and "baby black holes and the universe, as well as relevant articles." Although we all think he is very unfortunate, but he's achievements in science but in the disease after he received. With perseverance he will beat the disease, and created a miracle, it also proves that the disability is not the obstacle to success. His love of life and devotion to scientific research, the younger generation is learning.
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本文概览:斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金(Stephen Hawking) 于1942年1月8日生于牛津,那一天刚好是伽利略逝世三百年。可能因为他出生在第二次世界大战的时代,所以小时候对模型特别着迷...
文章不错《时间简史的作者简介》内容很有帮助